Chinese Dynasties
Chinese Dynasties and Chinese Capitals
chinese dynasties
Many Chinese cities have been capitals of China, or of various smaller states in periods when China was divided. Beijing and Nanjing Chinese lagage meaning the capital of the north and south of China, each of the cities have been many years of the capital of China.
History of China
* Legend has it that the three Emperors and Five Sovereigns (三皇 五帝), the mythical kings as God, ruled China from about 2852 BC to 2205 BC.
* The Xia Dynasty (夏朝) seem to exclude the area of the Yellow River about 2100 BC to 1600 BC, although some experts believe more legend than history. However, archaeologists have shown that at least developed a primitive form of Chinese civilization has from that time.
* The first historical dynasty was confirmed, the decision of the Shang (商朝) (1700 BC to 1027 BC), the Yellow River valley and had its capital near Anyang in Henan.
* The Zhou Dynasty (周朝), 1027-221 BC, had their first capital near modern Xi’an Hao. After a military defeat in 771 BC, they sat as the Eastern Zhou with a capital of Luoyang. Zhou is the longest dynasty in Chinese history, each about 800 years. However, it was the Eastern Zhou a period of political turmoil with various feudal lords vying for power, culminating in the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋 时代), while the Chinese philosopher Confucius and how Lao-tzu lived, but later in 7 large states during the period of Warring States (战国 时代) stabilized.
* The Qin Dynasty (秦朝), 221-206 BC defeated the Zhou and the six other feudal states, and were the first to bring together what a region like China. They were also the first in a centralized system of government in China. Their capital was at Xianyang, near present-day Xi’an. Our word “China” and the word “China” in the languages of India, probably derives from their name.
* The Han Dynasty (汉朝), 206 BC to 220 AD, their capitals Chang’an (Xi’an near modern) had (Western Han) and Luoyang (Eastern Han). It was the time of the first operation Silk Road. Han Chinese is still the name of its largest ethnic group and the Chinese characters as “han zi” (汉字), in Chinese. Han is considered by most Chinese as the first high point in Chinese civilization.
* The fall of the Han Dynasty of China saw division in the three states of Wei (魏), Shu (蜀) and Wu (吴), which are known collectively as the Three Kingdoms (三国). Despite only lasting 60 years is a very romanticized in Chinese history. The capitals of the three states were in Luoyang, Nanjing and Chengdu, respectively.
* The Jin Dynasty (晋朝), briefly re-unified China from 280 to 317th Although they remain to 420, they controlled a small area for most of the time. During the period uniform capital Luoyang and Chang’an was later.
* Then, for several hundred years, 317-581, China was divided. Capitals of various important states, including Luoyang, Nanjing and Suzhou.
* The short-lived Sui Dynasty (隋朝), 581-618, and finally has succeeded in China reunification. He had his capital at Chang’an.
* The Tang Dynasty (唐朝), 618-907, had its capitals Chang’an and Luoyang. This was the golden age of Chinese poetry, and also saw the development of the imperial examination system, the officials wanted to choose by their capacity as family history. Tang, will be by most Chinese as the second high point in Chinese civilization, and Chinatowns overseas often, “Street of Tang People” (唐人街) in Chinese called.
* China was then again for about 50 years when he split time under the control of several small states of short duration. The capitals of each country are Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Yangzhou, Changsha and many others.
* The Song Dynasty (宋朝) 960-1279, had its capital in Kaifeng to Jurchen took it. They moved the capital to Nanjing and later in Hangzhou. Finally defeated the Mongols, the Jurchen, and went out to conquer the Song empire. Marco Polo, who was in Hangzhou, a few years after the Mongol conquest, which they considered one of the richest and most beautiful cities in the world.
* The Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty (元朝), from 1279 to 1368 used the land that is currently in Beijing as its capital. Polo mentions it under the name Canbulac Khan camp.
* The Ming Dynasty (明朝), 1368-1644, was initially Nanjing as its capital then moved the capital to Beijing. They built the most famous buildings in Beijing – Forbidden City, Temple of Heaven, and so on. Some of the most famous Chinese novels like “Journey to the West”, “Water Margin” and “Romance of Three Kingdoms” written in that time.
* The Qing (Manchu) dynasty (清朝), 1644-1911, used Beijing, the capital of China, but they had their own capital in Shenyang Manchu.
* The Republic of China (中华民国), which ruled China from 1911 to 1949, moved the capital to Nanjing. Today they control only Taiwan and Taipei, the “temporary capital” is. During the Second World War, Chongqing was also a temporary capital.
* Beijing was the capital of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国) since the victory of Communists in the civil war 1949th
